I. Ka Palapala
ʻO nā phospholiplads he papa o nā lipids he mau'āpana nui o nā membranes cell. Ko lākouʻano hana kūʻokoʻa, e pili ana i kahi poʻo hydrophilic aʻelua mau'āpana hydrophobid He mea nui kēiaʻano hana kūpono no ka mālamaʻana i ke kūpaʻa a me ka hana o nā cell i nā mea ola a pau.
ʻO nā mea kākau inoa a me ke kamaʻilioʻana he mau kaʻina hana pono e hiki ai i nā mea hana e launa pū me kekahi a me ko lākou wahi e hoʻololi ai i nāʻano likeʻole. Hiki i nā Cela ke hāʻawi i ka ulu nui, ka hoʻomohalaʻana, a me nā hana psyulinologiali aloha ma o kēia mau kaʻina. ʻO nā ala hōʻailona hōʻailona e pili ana i ka hoʻoiliʻana i nā hōʻailona o nā hōʻailona, e like me nā hormotes a iʻole nā neurotransmitters
ʻO ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā phospholiplids 'role i ka inoa inoa inoa a me ke kamaʻilioʻana he koʻikoʻi no ka weheʻana i nā mea paʻakikī o keʻano o nāʻano hana. Ua loaʻa i kēiaʻike i nā hopena mamao loa ma nā kula likeʻole, me nā biology collit Ma ka hoʻohanaʻana i loko o keʻano hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā phospholipids a me ka hōʻailona hōʻailona, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kaʻike i keʻano o keʻano o keʻano
II. Keʻano o nā phospholiplids
A. Wehewehe o ka papa phospholidid:
ʻO nā phospholiplads amphiphip ʻO keʻano maʻamau o kahi phospholipid i nā molena glycetrol Molecule i hoʻopaʻaʻia iʻelua mau kaulahao a me kahi phosphate-us group. ʻO nā'āpana Hydrohobic, i hoʻohuiʻia i nā kaula momona momona, e hana i ka loko o ka lipid bilayer Hāʻawi kēia hoʻonohonoho kūʻokoʻa i nā phospholiplids e hōʻiliʻili ai i loko o kahi bilayer, me nā poʻo hydrophobic i loko a me nā puka hydrophilic i loko a me waho.
B. ROLE o ka phospholipid bilayer i loko o ka membrane cell:
ʻO ka balayplipid bilayer he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka cell o ka cellrane o ka cellrane, e hāʻawi ana i ka kahe o semi-persons. Pono kēiaʻoihana koho no ka mālamaʻana i ka nohona kūloko o ke kelepona a he mea koʻikoʻi no ke kaʻina hana, hoʻopauʻia ka laweʻana i nā mea hanaʻino. Ma waho o kāna hana hoʻonohonoho,ʻo ka Bilayplipid Bilayer e pāʻani pū ana i kahi hana pivat
ʻO ka mode mosac mosac o ka membrane o ka cell, manaʻoʻia e ka mele a me ka nilolson i ka makahiki 1972, e hoʻonui i keʻano o ka membral a me nā phospholidips a me nā phospholidids i ka neʻeʻana a me nā phospholiplids ma keʻano he cilayer. ʻO kēiaʻano hana hoʻoikaika kālā e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona a me ke kamaʻilioʻana. ʻO nā poʻe hoʻokipa,ʻo Shannels, a me nā polokalamu hōʻailona'ē aʻe i hoʻokomoʻia i loko o ka bilayer a me ka loaʻaʻana iā lākou i ke kikowaena o waho.
Eia hoʻi, nā waiwai pilikino o nā phospholipid, e like me ko lākou mea i like me ko lākou uluʻana a me ka hiki ke hana i nā mea palekana a me nā hana ma Membrane Productionsing. Hoʻopiliʻia keʻano o nā phospholipips i nā phospholipid a me ka hana o nā hōʻailona hōʻailona, no laila e hoʻopau ana i ke ala hōʻailona a me nā hana hōʻailona o nā ala hōʻailona.
Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i ka pilina ma waena o nā phospholiplid a me ka hana a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana i nā kaʻina hana he nui no ka hale kūʻai hale, a me nā maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka biology phospholipid biology me ka noiʻi hōʻailona inoa e hoʻomau i nā mea hōʻike koʻikoʻi i loko o nā mea e pili ana i ka'ōleloʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku.
III. Role o nā phospholipid i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona
A. Phospholipips e like me ka hōʻailonaʻana i nā mollecules
Phospholiplid,ʻo ia ka mea kaulana i nā mea hana kaulana o nā membranes cell, ua puka mai e like me nā molena hōʻailona nui ma ke kamaʻilioʻana. ʻO nā pūʻulu poʻo o Hydrophilic o nā phospholiplids, e loaʻa ana nā phoppats i loko No ka laʻana, phosphathadylinsitol 4,5-bisphiasphate (pip2) e like me ka mea hōʻailona ma keʻano he slavet. ʻO kēia mau molelu hōʻailona lipid-ididing e pāʻani ai i kahi hana pivototal i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā helu calle intracelular calth a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā'ōnaehana cellie.
Eia kekahi, e like me nā phospholipud e like me ka prosphathatoid acid (pa) a me nā mysophospoplips i hōʻikeʻia e nā mea e pili ana i nā mea e pili ana i nā mokuahi No ka laʻana, e hana i keʻano o ka mediatory key ma ka uluʻana o nā kaukani o keʻano, aʻo LPOPOPOPOPTER E KOMO ANA. Ua hōʻikeʻia kēia mau kuleana o nā phospholipid i ko lākou koʻikoʻi i ko lākouʻano i loko o ka orchestate intricate hōʻailona i loko o nā ceples.
B. E pili ana i nā phospholiplids i nā ala transduces hōʻailona
ʻO ka hoʻopiliʻana o nā phospholipids i nā ala transduces hōʻailona hōʻailona i hōʻikeʻia e ko lākouʻano koʻikoʻi i ka hanaʻana i nā mea hou aku Ma luna o ka ligand e hoʻopili ana i nā gpcrs, plcpholipase c (plc) hanaʻia, e alakaʻi ana i ka hydrolysis o ka pip2 a me ka'āina o ka pip2 a me ka'āina o ka pip2 a me ka nohoʻana o ka hydrolysis o ka pip2 a me keʻano o ka piko o ka pip2 a me ka'āina o ka pip2 a me ka geg. I3 trigger i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o ka calcium mai nā hale kūʻai intracelular,ʻoiai e hana ana i ka protein collication
Eia nō naʻe, phosphoninopsitisities, kahi papa o nā phospholiplids, e lawelaweʻia e like me nā'ōnaehana hōʻailona i komo i nā'ōnaehana inoa inoa ʻO ka weheweheʻana o ka dinamic ma waena o nā phosphoniesides a me kā lākou mau mea e pili ana i nā mea kūʻai aku e hāʻawi i nā hanana hōʻailona a me keʻano o ka hōʻailonaʻana i nā hanana smatular.
Ka piliʻana o ka multifaceted o nā phospholipids i nā papa inoa inoa inoa a me nā inoa inoa transduces e pili ana i ko lākou mea nui e like me keʻano nui o ka home.
IV. Phospholiplid a me ke kamaʻilioʻana
A. Phospholipids i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona intracellular
ʻO Phospholipid, kahi papa o nā lipids i loaʻa i kahi hui phosphate, e pāʻani i nā hana paʻa i loko o ko lākou komoʻana i nā cascades. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻiʻo Phosphatlylinliestoll 4,5-Bisphosphate (Pip2), kahi phospholipid i loko o ka membrane plasma. I ka paneʻana i ka hoʻoulu houʻana,ʻo Pip2 i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia i loko o ka Trisphosp i loko o ka Trisphosphate I3 TRIGGERS E hoʻokuʻu i ka calcium o ka calcium mai nā hale kūʻai o nā mea kūʻai aku e like me ka pona cellal
Eia kekahi mau phospholipids, me nā phospholilipliplids, me ka acid phosphiadoid acid (pa) a me nā mysopophospopliplid, uaʻikeʻia he koʻikoʻi ma ka hōʻailona intracellular. Hāʻawi ka pā i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o ka uluʻana o ka hui a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana ma o ka hanaʻana e like me keʻano o nā mea kūʻai aku o nā hōʻailona hōʻailona. Uaʻikeʻiaʻo LysopophatchSichiac (LPA) no kāna komoʻana i ka modulari o ka cell cell coment, migration, a me nā bytoskeletal. ʻO kēia mau mea e loaʻa ana i ka mea e pili ana i nā'āpana o nā phospholiplids e like me nā molena hōʻailona i loko o ke kelepona.
B. Interaction of phospholipids me nā protein a me nā mea hoʻokipa
Ua kamaʻilio pū nā phospholiplids me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻololi i nā ala hōʻailona hōʻailona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, phosphoninostides, he subgroup o nā phospholipids No ka laʻana, phosphiastylinsittolom 3,4,5-Trisphosphate (PHIP) Eia kekahi,ʻo ka huiʻana o nā phospholiplids me ka hōʻailona hōʻailona i nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea kūʻai aku e hōʻoia i nā hanana scatiotempoliker
ʻO ka huiʻana o nā multifacedited i nā phospholiplids me nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā mea hou i hāʻawiʻia i kā lākou mau alanui pivoal
V. regulation o nā phospholiplid i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona
A. E nā papa inoa a me nā ala e pili ana i ka phospholipid phospholip
ʻO nā phospholiplid he mea i hoʻoponoponoʻia ma o kahi pūnaewele hoʻokūkū o nā enzymes a me nā alahele, e pili ana i ko lākou nui a me ka hana ma ke kau inoa. ʻO kekahi ala e pili ana i ka synthesis a me ka huliʻana o ka phosphatidlinlistitoll (pi) a me kāna phosoporryed derivatives. Phosphatyylinlistitlinlol 4-kinshadsylinolisoll 4-phosphate 5-kinshate Memo, phosopshathases, e like me ka phosptase a me ka phosin homolog (Pten)
Eia kekahi,ʻo ka hua'ōleloʻo Avothesis o nā phospholiplids,ʻo ka phosphatidic e like me nā phosphiliplid e like me nā phosphilip Ke hoʻomau nei i nā hana hōʻailona kelepona likeʻole a hāʻawi aku i ka mālamaʻana i ka mālamaʻana o ka home.
B. IMPAct of phospholipid Regroulation Regulation ma nā kaʻina inoa inoa inoa
ʻO ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o nā phospholiplids expecound exfound e hōʻike i nā hana hōʻailona hōʻailona ma ka hoʻololiʻana i nā hana he nui o nā molepula hōʻailona a me nā ala. No ka laʻana, ka heleʻana o ka pip2 e phospholipase c i hoʻokumu i nā trisphospolate crisphosolate (i3) a me ke diacy. ʻO kēia hōʻailona hōʻailona i ka hopena o nā pane kelepona e like me ka neurotransission
Eia nō, nā palena o nā phosphoniesites e pili ana i ka hana hou a me ka hanaʻana i nā'ōnaehana o nā mea kūʻai aku e like me ka hopena cytosket. Eia kekahi,ʻo ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o nā pae o nā phospholipes a me nā phosphatases i hōʻikeʻia, e ulu ana ke kelepona, a me nā ala e hele ai nā ala.
ʻO ka weheweheʻana ma waena o Phospholipid Metabolism a me ke kau inoa inoa inoa inoa o ka helu phospholipid e mālama ai i ka hana cellular.
VI. Hopena
H. E hōʻuluʻulu i nā ala nui o nā phospholiplids i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona a me ke kamaʻilioʻana
I loko o ka hōʻuluʻuluʻana, phospholipidids e pāʻani i nā kuleana pivotal i loko o nā'ōnaehana hōʻailona a me keʻano o ke kamaʻilioʻana i loko o nā'ōnaehana moderial. ʻO kā lākou mea hana a me kā lākou mea hana e hiki ai iā lākou ke lawelawe e like me nā regular regular o nā pane o nā kelepona
Membcrane hui:
Hoʻopiliʻo Pospholiplids i nā pānaʻi hale kūʻai nui o nā membranes o nā membranes Ko lākou hiki ke hana i nā michid microominnies
Kākau inoa inoa inoa inoa:
Hanaʻo Phospholipids ma ke kī nui i ke kālepaʻana i nā hōʻailona extracellular i loko o nā pane paneʻole. Hoʻoliloʻo Phosphonidites e like me nā molena hōʻailona, e hoʻololi i nā hana o nā cravens o nā mea momona a me nā maʻi furty.
E hoʻouna i nā modula
Hāʻawiʻo Phospholiplids i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana i nā ala hōʻailona hōʻailona, e hōʻike ana i nā hana e like me nā kaʻina hana e like me nā mea hoʻohālike, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻO kā lākou komoʻana i ka hanauna o nā mea hoʻohuihui biliped
ʻO ka kamaʻilio kūkākūkā:
E komo pū anaʻo Phospholipid i ka kamaʻilio kūkā ma o ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o nā wā loea alkiko, e like me nāʻokiʻoki, e hoʻololi ana i nā hana.
ʻO nā hāʻawi kālā multifactiveted o nā phospholiplids i ka inoa inoa inoa inoa a me ke kamaʻilioʻana ma luna o ka mea pono e mālama ai i nā mea kōkua ma ke aniani.
B. Nā Kūlana Kūlana no ka noiʻi ma nā phospholiplids i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona
E like me nā hana likeʻole o nā phospholiplips i nā mea hōʻailona e hoʻomauʻia e nā mea e hikiʻoleʻia ai, nā mea makemake hou e hiki mai ana, e komo ana:
Nā Kūlana Interdisciplines:
Hoʻohui i nāʻenehana loea holomua, e like me nā lipidomics Keʻimi nei i ka Crosstalk ma waena o Lipoid Metabolism, Membrane trafficking, a me nā mea kākau inoa inoaʻole.
Nā'ōnaehana Biology Biology:
Hiki ke hoʻokokokeʻo Exerging i nā'ōnaehana biology, me ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana a me ka loiloi pūnaewele, e hiki ai ke hoʻonuiʻana i ka hopena o ka honua. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā pilina ma waena o nā phospholiplids, e hoʻonui i nā mea kūʻai aku, e hoʻonui i nā mea kūʻai mai e hoʻonui i nā waiwai hōʻailona hōʻailona.
Nā Kūlana Trapeutic:
Ke noi nei i ka dyysgulation o nā phospholiphid i nā maʻi, e like me ka maʻi maʻi, a me nā mea pāʻani metabolige. Ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā roles o nā phospholipspid i ka holomua o ka maʻi a me ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā hoʻolālā no ka laweʻana i ko lākou mau hana no ka kūʻaiʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau
I ka hopena,ʻo kaʻike nui loa o nā phospholiplid a me kā lākou komoʻana i ke kauʻana i ka papa inoa o keʻano o ka hoʻohanaʻana i kaʻoihana
Nā Nūhou:
Balla, T. (2013). PhosphoniSities:ʻO nā lipids liʻiliʻi me ka hopena nui me ka hopena nui i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana. Nā Hōʻike Hōʻike Physiological, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
Di Paolo, G., & De Na Cabi Bu, P. (2006). Phosphonistides i loko o nā regree hoʻoponopono a me nā membrane membrane. Kahi mea, 443 (7112), 651-657.
Kooijman, ee, & testern, c. (2010). Phosphatidic acid: kahi mea pāʻani e puka mai ana i ke kī nui i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona. Nā hiʻohiʻona ma nā mea kanuʻepekema, 15 (6), 213-220.
Hilgemann, DW, & Ball, R. (1996). Hoʻoponopono i ka cardiac na (+), h (+) - hoʻololi a me ke k ʻEpekema, 273 (5277), 956-959.
Kaksonen, M., & Roux, A. (2018). ʻO nā mīkini o ka clathrin-mediated endocsytis. Hōʻike nā mea aloha molelahi collalogy, 19 (5), 313-326.
Balla, T. (2013). PhosphoniSities:ʻO nā lipids liʻiliʻi me ka hopena nui me ka hopena nui i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana. Nā Hōʻike Hōʻike Physiological, 93 (3), 1019-1137.
ʻO Alberts, B.ʻo Johnon,ʻo J., ke Lewi, J., Raff, M.,ʻo Riser, P. (2014). Molecular biology o ka cell (6th ed.). Tarland Science.
GIMON, K., & VAZ, WL (2004). ʻO nā'ōnaehana kumu kumu, nā raki, a me nā ipu kīʻaha lua. ʻO ka loiloi makahiki makahiki o ka biophysics a me ka hoʻolālā bioholecular, 33, 269-295.
POST manawa: Dec-29-2023
