Nūhou - Hana ʻia ʻo Vanillin kūlohelohe mai nā kumuwaiwai hou

I.Hoolauna

ʻO Vanillin kekahi o nā mea ʻono kaulana a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua lawe ʻia mai nā pīni vanilla, he pipiʻi a kū i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻomau a me nā nāwaliwali o ke kaulahao.Eia nō naʻe, me ka holomua o ka biotechnology, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka microbial biotransformation, ua puka mai kahi manawa hou no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin kūlohelohe.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microorganism no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ola o nā mea maka maoli ua hāʻawi i kahi ala kūpono kūpono no ka synthesis o vanillin.ʻAʻole wale kēia ala e hoʻoponopono i nā hopohopo hoʻomau akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā hopena hou no ka ʻoihana ʻono.Ua hāʻawi ka noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e ka SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) i kahi loiloi piha o nā eclectic approaches i ka biological synthesis o vanillin a me kā lākou noi i ka ʻāpana meaʻai, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole no ka synthesis biological o vanillin mai nā substrate like ʻole a me kāna ʻano like ʻole. nā noi ma ka ʻoihana meaʻai.

II.Pehea e kiʻi ai i ka Vanillin maoli mai nā kumuwaiwai hou

Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Ferulic Acid ma ke ʻano he substrate

ʻO ka Ferulic acid, i loaʻa mai nā kumu e like me ka laiki bran a me ka oat bran, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano like me ka vanillin a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he substrate precursor ākea no ka hana vanillin.Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā microorganism like ʻole e like me Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, Streptomyces, a me nā haʻani no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin mai ka ferulic acid.ʻO ka mea nui, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like me Amycolatopsis a me White-rot fungi he mau moho kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin mai ka ferulic acid.Ua noiʻi kekahi mau noiʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka vanillin mai ka ferulic acid me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microorganisms, nā ʻano enzymatic, a me nā ʻōnaehana immobilized, e hōʻike ana i ka versatility a me ka hiki o kēia ala.

ʻO ka enzymatic synthesis o ka vanillin mai ka ferulic acid e pili ana i ka enzyme kī feruloyl esterase, ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hydrolysis o ka paʻa ester i ka waikawa ferulic, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka vanillin a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e pili ana.Ma ka ʻimi ʻana i ka nui maikaʻi loa o nā enzyme biosynthetic vanillin i nā ʻōnaehana cell-free, ua hoʻomohala ka poʻe noiʻi i kahi kānana Escherichia coli hou hou i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka ferulic acid (20mM) i vanillin (15mM).Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka microbial cell immobilization ua loaʻa ka manaʻo ma muli o kona biocompatibility maikaʻi loa a paʻa i lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻenehana immobilization hou no ka hana vanillin mai ka ferulic acid, e hoʻopau ana i ka pono o nā coenzymes.Hoʻopili kēia ala i ka coenzyme-independent decarboxylase a me ka coenzyme-independent oxygenase kuleana no ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waikawa ferulic i vanillin.ʻO ka co-immobilization o FDC a me CSO2 hiki ke hana i ka 2.5 mg o ka vanillin mai ka ferulic acid i loko o ʻumi mau hopena hopena, e hōʻailona ana i kahi kumu mua o ka hana vanillin ma o ka biotechnology enzyme immobilized.

Hoʻohana i ka Eugenol/Isoeugenol ma ke ʻano he substrate

ʻO Eugenol a me isoeugenol, i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia i ka bioconversion, e hana i ka vanillin a me kāna mau metabolites pili, i ʻike ʻia e loaʻa i nā noi like ʻole a me ka waiwai waiwai nui.Ua ʻimi kekahi mau haʻawina i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā microorganism i hoʻololi ʻia a kūlohelohe maoli e synthesize i ka vanillin mai eugenol.Ua ʻike ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka eugenol i loko o nā huakini like ʻole a me nā haʻi, me ka ʻole i kaupalena ʻia iā Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, a me Rhodococcus, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hiki i ka hana vanillin i loaʻa i ka eugenol.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka eugenol oxidase (EUGO) ma ke ʻano he enzyme no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin i loko o kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana i hōʻike i ka mana nui.Hōʻike ʻo EUGO i ke kūpaʻa a me ka hana ma luna o kahi ākea pH ākea, me ka EUGO hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka manawa pane.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka EUGO immobilized no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka biocatalyst a hiki i 18 mau hopena hopena, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hoʻonui ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 i ka hua biocatalyst.Pēlā nō, hiki i ka enzyme immobilized CSO2 ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻololi ʻana o isoeugenol i vanillin me ka hilinaʻi ʻole i nā coenzymes.

Nā Pākuʻi ʻē aʻe

Ma waho aʻe o ka ferulic acid a me ka eugenol, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe e like me ka vanillic acid a me C6-C3 phenylpropanoids ma ke ʻano he substrates no ka hana vanillin.ʻO ka waika vanillic, i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka lignin degradation a i ʻole he ʻāpana e hoʻokūkū ana i nā ala metabolic, ua manaʻo ʻia he kumu mua no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin bio-based.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana o C6-C3 phenylpropanoids no ka vanillin synthesis e hāʻawi i kahi manawa kūʻokoʻa no ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ka ʻano hou.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin kūlohelohe ma o ka microbial biotransformation kahi hoʻomohala ʻāina i ka ʻoihana ʻono.Hāʻawi kēia ala i kahi ala ʻē aʻe, hoʻomau no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hopohopo hoʻomau a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano unuhi kuʻuna.ʻO nā noi like ʻole a me ka waiwai waiwai o ka vanillin ma waena o ka ʻoihana meaʻai e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma kēia wahi.Hiki i ka holomua o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin maoli ke hoʻololi i ka ʻoihana ʻono, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea ʻokoʻa hoʻomau a me ka ʻona no ka ʻono.Ke hoʻomau nei mākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu waiwai hou a me nā holomua biotechnological, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka vanillin maoli mai nā substrate like ʻole e hāʻawi i kahi ala hoʻohiki no ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka ʻono.

III.He aha nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e hana ai i ka vanillin maoli

Pili kaiapuni:ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me nā mea kanu a me nā ʻōpala biomass no ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pono o nā wahie mōʻalihaku, e hōʻemi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke kaiapuni, a e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea.

Hoʻomau:ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e hiki ai ke hoʻolako i ka ikehu a me nā mea maka, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a hoʻokō i nā pono o nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.

Palekana olaola:Ma o ka hoʻohana kūpono ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou, hiki ke pale ʻia nā kumulāʻau ulu lāʻau, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i ka biodiversity a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike kaiaola.

Ka maikaʻi o ka huahana:Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka vanillin synthetic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka vanillin maoli i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻala a me nā ʻano kūlohelohe, e kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻala.

E hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie fossil:ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku liʻiliʻi, i mea e pono ai ka palekana o ka ikehu a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka ikehu.Manaʻolana e hiki i ka ʻike ma luna ke pane i kāu mau nīnau.Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi palapala kuhikuhi ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, e ʻoluʻolu e haʻi mai iaʻu i hiki iaʻu ke hāʻawi aku iā ʻoe.

IV.Ka hopena

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai hou e hana ai i ka vanillin maoli ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻomau a me ke kaiapuni.Hoʻopaʻa kēia ʻano i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pono no ka vanillin kūlohelohe ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hana synthetic.

He kūlana koʻikoʻi ka vanillin maoli i ka ʻoihana ʻono, waiwai no kona ʻano ʻala a me ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea ʻono i nā huahana like ʻole.He mea koʻikoʻi ke koʻikoʻi i ke koʻikoʻi o ka vanillin maoli ma ke ʻano he mea i ʻimi ʻia i ka ʻoihana meaʻai, mea inu, a me nā mea ʻala ma muli o kāna ʻike sensory kiʻekiʻe a me ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku no nā ʻono kūlohelohe.

Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kula o ka hana vanillin kūlohelohe e hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono no ka noiʻi hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.Hoʻopili kēia i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou a me nā ala hou e hoʻonui ai i ka pono a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hana ʻana i ka vanillin kūlohelohe mai nā kumuwaiwai hou.Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hana scalable a me nā kumu kūʻai e hoʻokō i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o ka vanillin kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻomau a me ka ʻona i ka ʻoihana ʻono.