He aha ka Anthocyanin?

ʻAno o nā Anthocyanins
No nā Anthocyanins kahi papa o nā hui i ʻike ʻia he flavonoids, he ʻano polyphenol. He mau pigments wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia lākou i loaʻa i loko o nā vacuoles o nā cell mea kanu. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā anthocyanins ma muli o ka pH o ke kaiapuni, me nā kala ʻulaʻula e ʻike ʻia ana i nā kūlana acidic a me nā kala polū i nā kūlana alkaline. ʻO kēia ʻano kū hoʻokahi e hoʻolilo i nā anthocyanins i mea waiwai nui ma ke ʻano he mau hōʻailona pH kūlohelohe.
Ua haku ʻia nā Anthocyanins me kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo anthocyanidin, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha mau molekala kō. ʻO nā anthocyanidins maʻamau ka cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, a me malvidin. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau anthocyanidins i nā hui like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole i nā kumu mea kanu like ʻole, e alakaʻi ana i kahi ākea o nā kala a me nā waiwai kemika.

Nā kumu o nā Anthocyanins
Ua laha nui nā Anthocyanins ma ke ʻano a hiki ke loaʻa i nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, a me nā pua. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu waiwai nui o nā anthocyanins e komo pū ana me nā hua e like me nā blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, a me nā strawberries. Loaʻa i nā hua ʻē aʻe e like me nā cherries, nā hua waina, a me nā plums ka nui o nā anthocyanins. Ma waho aʻe o nā huaʻai, ʻo nā mea kanu e like me ke kāpeti ʻulaʻula, nā ʻakaʻakai ʻulaʻula, a me nā eggplants he mau kumu maikaʻi o kēia mau pigments.
ʻO ke kala o nā pua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā aka o ka ʻulaʻula, poni, a me ka uliuli, pinepine ia ma muli o ke alo o nā anthocyanins. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pua waiwai i nā anthocyanins e komo pū me nā rose, pansies, a me nā petunias. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o nā kumu mea kanu i loaʻa nā anthocyanins e hāʻawi i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kēia mau hui i loko o ka ʻai kanaka.

Nā Pōmaikaʻi Ola o nā Anthocyanins
Ua lilo nā Anthocyanins i kumuhana o ka noiʻi nui ma muli o ko lākou mau pono olakino. Loaʻa i kēia mau hui nā waiwai antioxidant ikaika, e kōkua ana i ka pale ʻana i nā cell mai ka pōʻino oxidative i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā radical free. Ua pili ka oxidative stress i nā maʻi maʻi like ʻole, me ke kanesa, nā maʻi cardiovascular, a me nā maʻi neurodegenerative. Ma ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā radical free, kōkua nā anthocyanins i ka pale ʻana i kēia mau maʻi.
Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou hopena antioxidant, ua hōʻike ʻia he mau waiwai anti-inflammatory nā anthocyanins. ʻO ka mumū mau loa kahi kumu maʻamau i nā maʻi he nui, a ʻo ka hiki o nā anthocyanins ke hōʻemi i ka mumū hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā noiʻi e hiki i nā anthocyanins ke kākoʻo i ke olakino cardiovascular ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o nā kīʻaha koko a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai.
Eia kekahi, ua pili nā anthocyanins me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana noʻonoʻo a me ke olakino o ka lolo. Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi e hiki i kēia mau hui ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka emi ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka makahiki a me nā maʻi neurodegenerative e like me Alzheimer's a me Parkinson's. ʻO nā hopena neuroprotective hiki o nā anthocyanins e hoʻolilo iā lākou i wahi hoihoi no ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā maʻi neurological.

Nā Hoʻohana Kūpono o nā Anthocyanins
ʻO nā pono olakino o nā anthocyanins i alakaʻi i ko lākou hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o nā huahana meaʻai a me nā mea inu like ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe waiwai i ka anthocyanin ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻoluʻu meaʻai kūlohelohe, e hāʻawi ana i kahi koho ʻē aʻe i nā mea hoʻoluʻu synthetic. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau pigments kūlohelohe e hoʻonui i ka nani o nā huahana e like me nā wai, nā yogurts, nā ice cream, a me nā mea confectionery. ʻO ke koi no nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā lepili maʻemaʻe ua hoʻokele i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā anthocyanins i ka ʻoihana meaʻai.

Ma waho aʻe o ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻoluʻu meaʻai, ke noiʻi ʻia nei nā anthocyanins no kā lākou mau noi therapeutic hiki. Ke aʻo ʻia nei nā extracts e loaʻa ana nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā anthocyanins no ko lākou kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā meaʻai hana a me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻolaha i ke olakino a me ke olakino. Ke noiʻi nei hoʻi ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hiki o nā anthocyanins i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau hou no nā kūlana olakino like ʻole.

Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani i ka hoihoi i nā anthocyanins ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai antioxidant a me nā anti-inflammatory. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia nei kēia mau hui i loko o nā huahana mālama ʻili e hāʻawi i ka pale ʻana i nā mea hoʻoluhi o ke kaiapuni a e hoʻolaha i ke olakino ʻili. ʻO ke kumu kūlohelohe a me nā hopena maikaʻi o nā anthocyanins e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau mea hoʻohui hoihoi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā huahana hoʻonaninani.

Hopena
ʻO nā Anthocyanins he mau pigment kūlohelohe i loaʻa i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻōlinolino a me nā pono olakino he nui. ʻO kā lākou antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, a me nā hopena neuroprotective hiki ke hoʻolilo iā lākou i mau hui waiwai no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a me ka maikaʻi. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi e wehe i nā noi kūpono o nā anthocyanins, ʻo ko lākou alo i ka meaʻai, ka mea inu, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā huahana hoʻonaninani e hoʻonui ʻia, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā pono o kēia mau hui kupaianaha.

Nā Kuhikuhi:
ʻO ia, J., Giusti, MM (2010). Nā Anthocyanins: Nā Waihoʻoluʻu Kūlohelohe me nā Waiwai Hoʻolaha Ola Kino. Ka Loiloi Makahiki o ka ʻEpekema Meaʻai a me ka ʻenehana, 1, 163-187.
Wallace, TC, Giusti, MM (2015). Nā Anthocyanins. Nā Holomua i ka Meaʻai, 6(5), 620-622.
Pojer, E., Mattivi, F., Johnson, D., Stockley, CS (2013). Ka Hihia no ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka Anthocyanin e Hoʻolaha i ke Ola Kino o ke Kanaka: He Loiloi. Nā Loiloi Piha ma ka ʻEpekema Meaʻai a me ka Palekana Meaʻai, 12(5), 483-508.