ʻAno kino a me kemika:
Keʻokeʻo i ka pauka melemele-ʻulaʻula māmā
Paʻa paʻa i loko o nā haʻina kuʻuna a me ka alkaline
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā hāʻina ʻakika, ʻoi aku ma ka pH <4.0
K-type sensitivity i nā ion potassium, e hana ana i kahi gel palupalu me ka huna wai
Hoʻokaʻawale kaʻina hana:
Carrageenan Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Ka ikaika ma kahi o 1500-1800
ʻO Carrageenan Semi-refined: ʻO ka ikaika ma kahi o 400-500
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka protein:
Ka pilina me K-casein i loko o ka protein waiū
ʻO ka pane ʻana me nā protein i loko o ke ʻano paʻa o ka ʻiʻo, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele protein
ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana protein ma o ka launa pū ʻana me carrageenan